In the past eight years, S&T has undergone many changes and continues to evolve. The extraordinary breadth and diversity of DHS’s missions requires S&T to address a wide range of programs including Components’ near-term needs for new operational capabilities and improved operational effectiveness, efficiency and safety. S&T also has responsibilities related to understanding and creating solutions to biological and chemical threats, and to conducting the research and development (R&D) required to meet homeland cyber security needs. Investments in near-term, incremental solutions must be balanced against investments in potentially game-changing technologies that will take longer to mature.